Introduction to Psychology


1. What is Psychology?


Psychology is the scientific study of the mind, mental processes, and human behavior.

In simple words, it helps us understand why people think, feel, and behave the way they do.


• Example: When a child cries, psychology helps us find out why they are crying — is it hunger, fear, or attention?




Psychology is not about “reading minds,” but about understanding patterns, reactions, and emotions through scientific methods.



---


2. Human Behavior and Mental Processes


Psychology focuses on two main aspects:


🧠 Mental Processes:


These are the activities of our brain that we cannot directly see, like:


Thinking


Learning


Imagining


Feeling emotions


Remembering



👀 Behavior:


This refers to all actions that can be seen or observed, like:


Speaking


Walking


Laughing


Crying


Getting angry



Psychology studies how mental processes influence behavior and how behavior reflects mental activity.



---


3. Methods of Psychology


Psychology uses scientific methods to study thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Here are some common methods:


✅ 1. Observation Method


Watching people’s behavior closely and recording it without interfering.


> Example: A teacher observes students in a classroom.




✅ 2. Experimental Method


Psychologists conduct controlled experiments to study cause-effect relationships.


Example: Testing how music affects stress levels in a lab setting.




✅ 3. Survey and Interview Method


Asking questions to people using questionnaires or interviews to understand opinions and emotions.


 Example: Surveying teenagers to understand their views on social media.




✅ 4. Case Study Method


Studying one individual or a small group in great depth over a period of time.


 Example: A psychologist closely studying a child with learning difficulties.





---


🔚 Conclusion


Psychology is not just a subject — it’s a lens to view human life. It helps us understand:


How people think


Why they behave a certain way


What influences emotions, learning, and personality



In short:

Psychology = Mind + Emotions + Behavior + Science